MDN has a really good tutorial: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core
I also want to throw in that a "static site generator" would probably be up your alley.It is additional software, but it just gives you HTML+CSS in the end, so you can still upload to NeoCities or the like. It would effectively replace PHP for your use-case.
Knowing some HTML and CSS, and the rest of what you learned in that tutorial, is still helpful, as you may want to customize your template, but for the most part you can just write your blog posts in Markdown and it'll generate the HTML with navigation links for you.
Of course, a static site generator is still an additional layer of complexity. For learning how HTML and such work, it's definitely valid to plug everything together yourself. 🙂
By the way, it's absolutely not just Germany that does it the other way:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator#Conventions_worldwide